What type of preferred shares pays both a fixed dividend and an additional dividend based on common stockholder performance?

Participating preferred shares are designed to provide shareholders with both fixed and additional dividends. The fixed dividend is a set amount that shareholders receive regardless of the company's performance, akin to other forms of preferred shares. However, what distinguishes participating preferred shares is the opportunity for shareholders to receive an additional dividend contingent upon the company's performance, particularly in terms of the dividends paid out to common stockholders.

When a company performs well and reaches certain profit thresholds, participating preferred shareholders can receive additional payments beyond their fixed dividend. This means that if the company declares dividends to common stockholders, participating preferred shareholders often receive a share of those dividends as well. This added layer of potential income makes participating preferred shares attractive to investors looking for a balance between stability (through the fixed dividend) and the opportunity to benefit from the company’s success.

In contrast, cumulative preferred shares provide fixed dividends that accumulate if not paid but do not have the performance-based additional dividends. Callable preferred shares can be redeemed by the issuer at a predetermined price but do not inherently offer additional performance-linked dividends. Lastly, convertible preferred shares allow shareholders to convert their preferred shares into common shares, providing an opportunity for capital appreciation but without a guaranteed additional dividend based on performance. Thus, the feature of paying both fixed and